手机版
Analysts expect buds of growth in a wide range of service jobs this year -- retail, information technology, professional, scientific and technical jobs -- as well as continuing growth in the health-care industry.
'Primary job generation will be across a wide range of private service areas,' says Nigel Gault, chief U.S. economist at IHS Global Insight, an economic consulting firm in Lexington, Mass.
With the aging population, health care remains the go-to field for job growth, experts say. 'Health care is always adding jobs. That will clearly continue,' says Dean Baker, co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research, a Washington think tank.
Among the positions expected to have greater demand in coming years: nurses, medical scientists, physician assistants, skin-care specialists and dental hygienists.
Information-technology also will be adding jobs as companies that have been sitting on cash will want to upgrade their technology to gain a competitive edge as the economy emerges from the recession, says John Challenger, chief executive of outplacement consulting firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas in Chicago.
'A lot of companies over the last couple of years have cut down their spending on IT,' Mr. Challenger says. 'But, as we know, technology takes quantum leaps every few years. So there is technology that companies are buying, and they will need people who can come in and implement it, customize it, teach people how to use it [and] provide technical support.'
Mr. Gault says there could be room for growth in financial-services jobs. 'Lending activity should pick up,' he says. 'There will be more deal making. Companies will be raising more capital and they will need more assistance from the financial sector.'
He adds that professional, scientific and technical jobs could pick up as well. 'Companies will want to start to pick up research-and-development spending,' Mr. Gault says, 'so their need for more highly skilled workers will increase.'
Another area expected to get a boost in hiring: positions that are revenue generators for a company, according to a survey of more than 2,400 hiring managers and human-resource professionals conducted in November and December for jobs website CareerBuilder.com.
Among companies that expect to increase full-time, permanent workers in 2011, here are the top areas, by function, according to the survey: sales, information technology, customer service, engineering, technology, administrative, business development, marketing, research/development and accounting/finance.
Workers in sales and marketing positions help 'drive top-line growth for an organization,' says Jennifer Grasz, a spokeswoman for CareerBuilder.com.
Some companies remain cautious about taking on a larger full-time staff. So analysts expect to also see growth in temporary work.
Temporary workers allow companies to fill needed positions without taking on the cost of a full-time worker. 'Employers don't want to pick up costs like health care, they don't want to pick up overhead costs,' says Mr. Baker of the Center for Economic and Policy Research.
According to the CareerBuilder.com survey, 34% of hiring managers say they will hire contract or temporary workers in 2011, supplementing leaner staffs. That's up from 30% in 2010 and 28% in 2009.
Many health-care, financial-services, and professional and business-services firms plan to hire temporary or contract workers, according to CareerBuilder.com.
It may be a while, however, before companies turn temp positions into permanent ones. 'The labor market is still going to be very, very weak so there's not a huge incentive for companies to convert these workers into full-time workers,' Mr. Gault says.
One place you won't find job growth: the public sector.
Cities and states are expected to cut staff in 2011, Mr. Challenger says. Many municipal and state budgets face the ax as federal aid dwindles.
Mr. Baker adds that there won't be much hiring on the federal level.
'The public sector is going into recession from a jobs standpoint,' Mr. Challenger says. 'It will lose jobs in 2011 as the country comes to terms with the deficits that are out there. There will be some places where they have no choice but to cut workers, library personnel, teachers.'
Cuts also could affect nonprofits that do business with the government, says Timothy Bartik, senior economist at the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research in Kalamazoo, Mich.
'We expect to see some weakening in state and local government,' Mr. Bartik says. 'A lot of state and local areas will have to make cutbacks, and that will have an impact on nonprofit agencies that contract with state and local governments.'
参考译文：
分析人士预计，服务业形形色色的岗位将在2011年出现增长的萌芽，如零售、信息技术、专业服务、科学技术等，而医疗行业的就业增长也将持续。
麻塞诸塞州列克星敦(Lexington)IHS Global Insight经济咨询公司的首席美国经济学家奈格尔•高尔特(Nigel Gault)说，就业增长将主要体现在私营板块服务领域的多类岗位上。
专家表示，随着人口老龄化的发展，医疗行业依然是就业增长的热点所在�；⒍僦强庾橹�“经济及政策研究中心”(Center for Economic and Policy Research)的联席主任迪恩•贝克(Dean Baker)说，医疗行业的就业一直很旺，而且这一势头显然还会继续下去。
未来几年预计将有更大需求的岗位包括：护士、医学科学家、医师助理、皮肤护理专家以及牙科保健专家。
芝加哥再就业咨询公司Challenger, Gray & Christmas的首席执行长约翰•切伦奇(John Challenger)表示，随着经济从衰退中逐步复苏，坐拥大量现金的企业需要升级技术以获得竞争优势，因此信息技术板块会增加更多的就业机会。
切伦奇说，过去几年来，很多企业都在削减IT支出。但我们都知道，技术每隔几年就会有一个巨大的飞跃，因此企业将购买最新的技术，同时需要引进提供技术实施、定制、培训和支援的相关人员。
高尔特表示，金融服务领域也可能会出现就业增长。他说，借贷活动应该会复苏，交易行为增加，企业将进一步筹措资本，因此需要来自金融板块的更多协助。
高尔特补充说，专业服务和科学技术方面的就业岗位可能也会增长。他说，企业将会开始提高研发投入，因此对于高技能雇员的需求也会增加。
招聘求职网站CareerBuilder.com在2010年11月和12月对2,400多位招聘经理和人力资源专家所做的一项调查显示，另一个预期的就业热点是各个企业中能够带来经营收入的岗位。
该调查显示，2011年全职正式岗位的增长主要是在以下领域：销售、信息技术、客户服务、工程、技术、行政、商业拓展、市场行销、研发以及金融会计等。
CareerBuilder.com网站的发言人杰妮弗•格拉兹(Jennifer Grasz)表示，销售和市场行销岗位的从业人员有助于推动企业的收入增长。
一些企业仍对招聘更多的全职员工心存顾虑，因此分析师预计，临时性的就业岗位也会有所增长。
企业能通过临时工来满足岗位需求，而无需负担全职员工的成本。“经济及政策研究中心”的贝克说，招聘企业不想承担员工的医疗保险和日常管理费用等成本。
根据CareerBuilder.com的调查，34%的招聘经理表示将在2011年招聘合同工或临时工，以弥补人手的不足。这比2010年的30%和2009年的28%有所提高。
CareerBuilder.com表示，很多医疗、金融服务、专业和商业服务企业未来有招聘临时工或合同工的打算。
不过，企业将临时岗位转为正式岗位可能还需要一段时间。高尔特说，就业市场还会非常非常疲软，因此企业没有太大动力去把临时工转为正式工。
就业岗位不会出现增长的是：公共部门。
切伦奇说，美国各城市和各州政府预计将在2011年减少公务员岗位。由于联邦划拨资金减少，很多市和州的预算将面临大幅削减。
贝克说，联邦政府层面也不会有太多的就业机会。
切伦奇说，从就业角度而言，公共部门正进入一个衰退期。美国必须应对财政赤字问题，因此2011年公共部门的就业岗位将减少。有些地方别无选择，不得不削减公务员、图书管理员、教师等岗位。
密歇根州卡拉马祖市(Kalamazoo)W.E. Upjohn就业研究院(W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research)的蒂莫西•巴迪克(Timothy Bartik)说，裁员也会影响到与政府往来密切的非盈利组织。
巴迪克说，我们预计州和市政府的情况有些疲软，它们中有很多将不得不削减成本，这会对与其有合作关系的非盈利机构产生影响。
