由于长期过度采挖，山参资源越来越少，濒临枯竭，远远满足不了国内外市场的需求。目前，每支15克以上的山参，每克售价150元以上，是普通园参的几十倍甚至几百倍。因此，大力开展人工培育野山参，不仅可以保护野生资源，而且可以提高经济效益和社会效益。同时也是一项投资少、效益高，农民群众致富的新兴产业。
人工培育山参，有悠久的历史，规模化发展始于八十年代初。人工培育山参不仅使广大农民走上了致富之路，改变了传统毁林种参模式，节省了大量林地资源；而且有利于加强森林和生态环境�；�，实现人参产业的绿色革命。当前，人工培育山参的热潮在我国东北三省部分地区悄然兴起。
野山人参有以下几个品种：
1、纯山参：是指野山参的种子自然落地，自然发芽生长的人参。在整个生长发育过程中不移动，又不经过任何人工管理，称为纯山参。生长百年以上或重200克以上称为老山参；重量在50克以上的称为大山参；重量不足50克称为捻子。
2、移山参：将采挖的纯山参苗重新移栽山林中，任其自然生长，若干年后挖出 ，这种参叫移山参，也叫“趴货”。
3、缸（池）山参：是将山参籽（苗），播种、移栽于缸（池）内，人为创造山参生长环境，不施肥、不用农药，使其自然生长。此栽种方法，适应于各种场地、家庭院内。容易管理，成活率高，不受自然灾害影响，可人为控制土壤湿度、光照、病虫鼠害等。
植物学特征
人参株高约60厘米，掌状复叶轮生，叶披针形或椭圆形，边缘有浅锯齿，直根肥大肉质，下部有分枝，主根顶端着生根茎，每年增生一节，秋季地上部枯萎，在根茎上留下盘 状茎痕，俗称“芦碗”，根茎上着生数条不定根，熟称“门丁”花生于茎顶。花被五片，黄绿色，雄蕊5枚，雌蕊1枚，子房下位，成熟浆果鲜红色，种子扁圆形。
生物学特征
一、生长发育
我国东北主产区人参5月出苗，6月开花结果，7、8月种子成熟，10月枯萎，全生育期130—150天。人参从播种到收获一般需6年以上，地上部基本是一年增加一片复叶，复叶一年生由3小叶组成（熟称三花），地下部根的生长逐年增大。人参三年开始产籽，以后逐年增多，但留籽影响产量。因此，多在第4或第5年留籽1次。
二、对环境的要求
人参为阴性植物，对光的要求比较严格，人参光的补偿点约400勒克司。光照由400勒克司增加到10000勒克司，其光合速率似直线上升。人参生育的最适光强随经纬度和气温而变，纬度高气温低所须光强大，反之则小，高纬度气温地区为7000—22000勒克司，温度较高的低纬度地区为7000—10000勒克司。人参喜冷凉气候，在亚热带低纬度高海拔山区，如广西、福建、云南、山东等地都已引种栽培成功。人参既不耐旱又不耐涝，土壤含水量在30%为好。因此，掌握好水分、潮湿度极为重要。
三、生产条件
1、种植场地的条件不限。
2、光线要求有早晚斜射光即可。
3、土质要求微酸性PH6.5的腐植土或山皮土。
4、使用大号泥缸（上口直径70cm、高70cm）或用新砖砌池（高80cm、宽120cm、长可根据庭院面积而定）。
四、播种
1、选种：因野山人参的经济价值极高，生长周期长，抗病能力强，成活率高。所以，必需使用野山人参籽、苗。
2、种子处理、：野山人参播种必需用人工催芽处理，翌年春种子幼根长出后即可播种（亦可夏秋准备好缸、池封冻前播种、移栽）。
3、播种量：每缸播籽60—70粒，每池（平方米）播籽160—170粒，每年间苗1次，三年定苗，每缸定苗20棵，每池（平方米）定苗35棵。将人工处理后的种子，按间距3×4cm摆放于准备好的缸、池中，应摆放整齐，用过筛的腐植土盖上3cm厚。
4、参苗移栽：移栽与播种方式不同。二、三年生参苗移栽方法：将准备好的缸（池）在装土的过程中，边栽边装土�？勺灾乒ぞ�，用铁丝或钢筋按缸口做一直径70cm圆圈，圈内用横、竖各绑五条铁丝，间距以中间向外每条之间距离为10cm，每个交叉点拴一根线绳，线绳的另一头轻轻地拴在参头上，拴参时要轻，防止折断参脖，线绳应系活扣，参头与铁圈之间线绳距离为12cm左右。然后，将铁圈与拴好的参放置缸上，使根须自然伸开，用过筛的腐植土均匀地将参埋上2/3后，将拴参的绳扣轻轻解开，拿掉铁圈，把剩余部分用土盖平，再加土2cm，轻轻压实，用树叶盖上即可。
五、成品
播籽须6—7年、移栽3—5年即出成品参，8月中旬即可起参。鲜人参可用青苔、草皮等保湿物包好，防止风干。干品，按参长做包装盒进行包装。
六、成本
以缸为例：大号泥缸 +籽（苗）+沙土+其他材料=缸山参的成本。
1、泥缸：30元/个。
2、参籽：70粒/缸=25元(10000粒/斤=5000元，0.5元/粒)。
3、参苗：2年参苗8元/株，20株/缸=160元。
4、沙土：5元/缸。
播籽：六年费用=35元（籽）+30元（缸）+5元（土）=70元。
移栽：五年费用=160元（参苗）+30元（缸）+5元（土）=195元
七、效益
按目前市场最低价格，效益=300元/株×20株/每缸=6000元。
八、价值
野山人参是无价之宝。目前，6—7年鲜山参价格：300—500元以上/棵，干品价格：800元以上/盒。12—15年山参价格已达千元以上/棵。98年，林下参：小货1.6万元/公斤，中货：（2.5钱以上/棵）3万元/公斤。
九、管理
管理方面很重要，掌握好潮湿度、光照、水分可根据季节、生长期人为调节。
应注意以下问题：
1、光照：搭棚，高2-2.5米，长、宽可根据栽培面积而定。上面覆盖一层塑料膜、一层遮阳网。防止阳光、雨水进入。春秋季用一层遮阳网，夏季需用两层遮阳网。冬季应取下遮阳网，将四周的塑料膜放下挡严越冬。将缸（池）上面装满树叶，四周用草挡好。如有条件，可在缸（池）上和周围再扣一层塑料膜。越冬措施要得当。
2、水分：用喷壶浇水，土壤含水量控制在30%左右。水温应与缸（池）内土的温度接近，浇水时间以早、晚为宜。春、秋季每周浇水2—3次，夏季、霉雨季节应控制水分，地面应经常保持潮湿。10月份以后停止浇水。水要无污染的江、河水，深井水。自来水要置放2—3天后再用。
3、加土：播种、移栽后，每年秋参秧枯萎后加土2cm。
树叶：春天参苗欲发芽时将覆盖在缸池上的树叶搂出，剩余适量碎树叶即可，冬季用树叶将缸池盖上。
4、摘蕾：人参三年生开始产籽，但数量少。四年生以后产籽量增多，一般四、五年生留籽1次，其它年生均于6月初开花前将花蕾摘掉，使营养集中可提高根产量和质量。
5、病虫害的防治：山参种植过程，应不施肥、不用农药，或尽量少用，如必要时应选用低农残、无公害农药（包括土壤消毒），绝对禁止使用五氯硝基苯、六六六等高残留农药。要经常灭鼠，防止老鼠进入缸池吃参。
敬告：
1、生产过程应科学管理，认真操作。如发现病虫害或其他问题，应及时与我研究所联系，以免造成不必要的损失。
2、此项目由我单位提供种苗及栽培技术，非我单位提供的种苗及栽培技术，我单位不负责技术指导及产品回收。
3、注意做好防盗工作。
Open country hermit enter the courtyard （Vat 、Pool 、Flowerpot ）Grow technique
PanaxginsengC.A.Mey
Introduction
The open country hermit enter are the speciality threes precious things in northeast ，Valuable crude drugs monarchs 。The slender acanthopanax belongs the flora in the interest of passing a sentence the ginseng ，But calling the spirit feels ashamed 、The earth is picked 、Deity straw 、The jade is picked and so on 。《The Holy Farmer herbaceous warp 》、《Herbal detailed outline 》Account ，That the ginseng has patchs the five internal organs 、Calm essence 、Go to blood vessels 、Amusing self at other’s expense increases intelligence 、Great complement gas ，Is convinced by to possess long to promise longevity and so on the effect 。Contemporary medical service is researcied the proof ，The disease is rund to painstaking effort by the ginseng 、Diabetes 、Digestive system disease 、The neurasthenia wholly possess the better curative effect ，Moreover human body immune ability may be heightened ，Supplementarily treat the carcinoma 。Hence ，Top grade in the Chinese herbal medicine of ginseng by praise ，Enjoy high reputation at home and abroad on the marketplace 。
Since over a long period of time over digging ，The resources are entered in the mountain and are more and more littleer ，Be close to exhaustedly ，Not meet the demand in home and abroad marketplace far away 。At the moment ，The mountain over per 15 grams is entered ，Each gram price is over 150 yuan ，They are even to the extent that some hundredfolds of dozens -fold that enters in the ordinary garden 。Hence ，Launching artifically breeing vigorously , enters on the open country mountain ，Not merely may safeguard the uncultivated resources ，But also economic results and the community beneficial result may be liftd 。The at the same time also is that an investment is little 、Beneficial result is high ，The peasantry masses became rich the burgeoning property 。
Enters on artifical the breeing mountain ，There is age-old history ，The scale development starts to the 80’s start 。Artifical the breeing mountain enters not merely to cause wide peasantry goes becomes rich the route ，Revising the tradition ruins the seed of forest and enters the pattern ，Save a great quantity of woodland resources ；But also be favour of strengthening forest and the ecology environmental protection ，Achieve the ginseng property Green Revolution 。Present ，The upsurge that enters on artifical the breeing mountain is living , and saves the part of area and worriedly springs up in our country northeast three 。
Open country hermit enters possess below several straiies ：
1、Enters on the unmixed mountain ：Is that the seed that enters on the open country mountain falls to the ground certainly ，Growth ginseng germinates certainly 。Being living , the entire growth is not removed in the development process ，But not after whatever artificial intelligence ，Being called the unmixed mountain is entered 。The growth a century over either being called the Laoshan Mountain over weighty 200 grams is entered ；The weight is living , and being called great mountain over 50 grams enters ；Weight is less than and 50 be able to be called the wick 。
2、Moving the mountain is entered ：The unmixed mountain which shall be dig is entered the seedling to transplant once more in the wooded mountain ，Grow let nature take its course ，Dig several years afterwards ，This kind is entered to greet to move the mountain to enter ，Also greet “Lie prone by commodity ”。
3、Vat （Pool ）Mountain is entered ：Is entering the seed by the mountain （Seedling ），Seed 、Transplant to the vat （Pool ）It is inside ，Artificially producing the mountain enters the growth environment ，Don’t not apply fertilizer 、Disuse farm chemical ，Cause such natural growth 。This grow the means ，Adapt to to the different spaces 、Inner place the home courtyard 。Convenient administration ，Survival rate is high ，Not accept the natural calamity effect ，Suit act as control soil humidity 、Illumination 、The illness worm damage caused by rats awaits 。
Botany feature
Ginseng 60 centimetres of Gao Yue ，Palm shape compound leaf verticillate ，Ye Pizhen form either oval ，There is the easy serration in the fringe ，The taproot corpulents the flesh character ，There is the branching in the lower part ，The stalk is strikeed root in taproot peak ，Each year one length of hyperplasia ，Fall the upper part withers ，Being living on the rootstock leaves to wind the shape stalk mark ，Convention is called “Reed bowl ”，On the rootstock bears a few adventitious roots ，Ripely call “Gatekepper ”The peanut is to the stalk peak 。The floral envelop is 5 ，Yellow green ，The stamen is 5 ，The pistil is 1 ，Ovary lower ，Scarlet colour of ageing berry ，Seed oblate form 。
Biology feature
One 、Growth development
The ginseng in our country northeast master producing area is comed out in May ，6Moon is yielded positive results ，7、8The moon seed becomes mature ，10Moon is withered ，Time of infertility 130 —150My god 。The ginseng oridinarily requires over 6 years through seeding up the harvest ，The upper part is ading a compound leaf in 1 year essentially ，The compound leaf annually consists of 3 leaflet （Ripely call three blossoms ），The lower part piece the growth broadens year by year 。The ginseng start yieling the seed in 3 years ，Grow in number year by year afterwards ，Yet remain the seed effect yield 。Hence ，Being living the 4th either remained the seed 1 time in 5th year more 。
Two 、To the environment demand
The ginseng is the negative flora ，The demand focussing a camera comparatively rigorously enforce ，Brief 400 meter-candles of ginseng light compensation spot 。The illumination adds up 10000 meter-candles through 400 meter-candles ，Such light shuts the rate as if right line moving upward 。The suitableeest light that the ginseng is born powerfully changes into with latitude and longitude and air temperature ，The tall air temperature of latitude lets drop the bureau have to be glossy powerful ，On the contrary it is piece little ，The high latitudes air temperature area is 7000 —22000Meter-candle ，The higher low latitudes area of temperature is 7000 —10000Meter-candle 。That the cold air awaits is cooled that to the ginseng occasion for celebration ，Tall height above sea level mountain area of the subtropics low latitudes being living ，In case Guangxi 、Fujian 、Yunnan 、Thes earth such as Shandong and so on have wholly been introduced a fine variety and had been growed successfully 。The ginseng is not only drought-enduring but also it is waterlogging not to endure ，The earth water content is living 30% in the interest of well 。Hence ，Master good water content 、Damp degree is extremely significant 。
Three 、Production specification
1、Growing the term in space does not limit 。
2、Morning and evening cast oblique rays on light is requireed passablely by the ray in immediate future 。
3、The toil texture requires the corruption of tiny acidity PH6.5 to grow earth either mountain Pi Tu 。
4、Employ the bass horn mire vat （Diameter 70cm is suitable for reading 、Tall 70cm ）Either emploing the fresh brick cuts the pool （Tall 80cm 、Broad 120cm 、The length may be on the basis of the courtyard area but is fixd ）。
Four 、Seed
1、Seed selection ：Economic value as a result of open country hermit entering is exceedingly tall ，The growth cycle elder ，The disease-resistant capability is powerful ，Survival rate is high 。Therefore ，The open country hermit of indispensable use enter the seed 、Seedling 。
2、Seed handle 、：It is indispensable in the way of the artifical germination handle that open country hermit enter to seed ，In immediate future next year spring seed young root is develop queen to seed （Yet Xia Qiu getss ready the good vat too 、The pool is seed before freezing 、Transplant ）。
3、Amount seeding ：Each vat is seeded the seed 60 —70Granule ，Each pool （Square meter ）Seed the seed 160 —170Granule ，The each year thins out seedings 1 time ，Final singling of 3 years ，Each 20 of final singling in the vat ，Each pool （Square meter ）The final singling is 35 。By the seed of artifical handle queen ，According to clearance 3 ×4The Cm places to the vat that the ready is good 、Chi Zhong ，Ought to place NEATly ，Earth is growed to the corruption in the way of sifts out , and to top 3cm thick 。
4、Entering the seedling transplants ：Transplant against seeds the means difference 。Two 、The student of 3 years is entered that the seedling transplants the means ：The good vat shall be getd ready （Pool ）Be living to pack in the earth process ，Pack earth along growing 。The means may be maked by self ，Act diameter 70cm’s ring in the way of iron wire either reinforcing bar according to the vat rim ，Employ fiercely inner place the ring 、Erectting respectively ties five iron wires ，With outside the direction of middle the distance is 10cm to clearance between per ，A cotton rope is fastend in every one intersection ，Another is fastend to be living gently entering on the head cotton rope ，Fasten to ask for when entering softly ，Guarding against that the book from snaping enters the neck ，The cotton rope ought to be fastend the slipknot ，Entering between head together with the iron ring cotton rope distance is masterred in the interest of 12cm 。Afterwards ，Shall that to encircle against fastens good enter to lay up on the vat by iron ，Causing piece have to stretch out certainly ，That the earth evenly shall enter to cover up 2/3 queen is growed that to the corruption in the way of sifts out ，Shall fasten the cord entering buckle and undo gently ，Takeing iron encircles ，The section is toped levelly in the way of earth the remainder ，Beside earth 2cm ，Be getting near gently the factor ，In immediate future top passablely in the way of the leaf 。
Five 、Finished product
Seeding the seed have to 6 —7Year 、Transplant 3 —5In immediate future the year comees out the finished product to enter ，8The moon middle ten days of a month in immediate future may get up to enter 。Usable moss of tasty ginseng 、The trurf awaits that it is good to defend the damp matter package ，Guard against air-dry 。Trunk product ，According to enters to develop does package the case to package 。
Six 、Cost
Takes the vat as the instance ：Bass horn mire vat + seed （Seedling ）+Sandy soil + else cost that enters on the stuff = vat mountain 。
1、Mire vat ：30Unit / 。
2、Enter in seed ：70Granule / vat = 25 yuan ( 10000 / jin = 5000 yuan ，0.5Unit /’s granule ) 。
3、Enter seedling ：2Year enters seedling 8 yuan of /s stem ，20Stem / vat = 160 yuan 。
4、Sandy soil ：5Unit /’s vat 。
Seed seed ：Expense = 35 of 6 years yuan （Seed ）+30Unit （Vat ）+5Unit （Earth ）=70Unit 。
Transplant ：Expense = 160 of 5 years yuan （Enter seedling ）+30Unit （Vat ）+5Unit （Earth ）=195Unit
Seven 、Beneficial result
According to the marketplace bottom price at the moment ，Yuan /s of beneficial result = 300 stem ×20Stem each vat = 6000 of / yuan 。
Eight 、Value
It is the an invaluable asset that open country hermit enter 。At the moment ，6—7Year the tasty mountain enters price ：300—500Over the unit / ，Trunk product price ：800/’s case over the unit 。12—15Year the mountain enters price to have attained over thousand yuan the / 。98Year ，Retirement from official life is entered ：Little commodity 1.6 ten thousand yuan of /’s official business jin ，Middle commodity ：（2.5Over the money / ）3Ten thousand yuan of /’s official business jins 。
Nine 、Administration
The administration respect is very significant ，Master well damp degree 、Illumination 、Water content may on the basis of season 、Growing period man in the interest of regulates 。
The below problem ought to be pay attention to ：
1、Illumination ：Build awning ，Tall 2-2.5’s rice ，Elder 、Broadly may fix on the basis of growing the area 。Top cover one tier of plastic material membrane 、One tier of sunshade net 。Guard against sunlight 、Rainfall gos into 。Spring and autumn season is in the way of one tier of sunshade net ，Summer season need employ two tiers of sunshade net 。Winter ought to take off the sunshade net ，Shall around the plastic material membranes lay down the blind and tightly live through the winter 。By vat （Pool ）Top pack the packed leaf ，Employ that the straw wards off well around 。In case there being the term ，The vat may be living （Pool ）Up and the vicinity takes into custody one tier of plastic material membrane again 。The step lived through the winter is finely serveed as 。
2、Water content ：Irrigate in the way of the sprinkling can ，The earth water content is dominateeed 30% left and right sides being living 。Water Wen Yingyu vat （Pool ）The inside earth temperature is close to ，Irrigates time with early 、Late act as appropriately 。Spring 、Fall per circuit irrigates 2 —3Degree ，Summer season 、The summer rains season ought to dominate water content ，The surface of the earth ought to constantly maintain damp 。10The month ceases to irrigate afterwards 。The water will not there is not the pollution river 、Water in river ，Deep well water 。The tap water will be lay up 2 —3It is afterwards employd again 。
3、Plus earth ：Seed 、Transplant queen ，Each year Qiu Canyang afterwards withering pluss earth 2cm 。
Leaf ：Spring the leaf which shall be covered the vat pool on hugs out when entering Miao Yu to germinate ，In immediate future the fragmentary leaf of remainder appropriate amount passablely ，Winter in the way of the leaf by vat Chi Gai 。
4、Take off bud ：The ginseng was born startting yieling the seed in 3 years ，Yet amount is little 。The amount yieling the seed is growd in number after 4 years the student ，Ordinary four 、The student of 5 years remains the seed 1 time ，All bore in else years to 6 months start before blooming takes off the bud ，Cause nourishment lumping may lift piece yield and a quality 。
5、Prevention and cure of plant diseases and insect pests ：The mountain is entered to grow the process ，Ought to not apply fertilizer 、Disuse farm chemical ，Either a moment employ to the full ，In case when indispensable ought to choose low Nong Can 、Does not there is not the public hazard farm chemical （Consising of earth sterilizes ），Perfectly ban use five chlorine nitrobenzene 、The BHC is equal in heightly remain the farm chemical 。Constantly put out the rat ，Guard against the rat from going into the vat pool takeing entering 。
Beg to inform ：
1、The production process ought to scientifically be administerd ，Earnest operation 。In case discovering plant diseases and insect pests either else problem ，Ought to without delay get in touch with against our research institute ，So as not to creating the dispensable loss 。
2、The technique is growed through our unit supplys kind Miao Ji to this item ，That non- our unit supplys growing Miao Ji grows the technique ，Our unit is not in charge of technical adviser and produce and recovers 。
3、Pay attention to acting the work well guarded against theft 。
Speciality technological research institute in Jilin Tong Hua Fit together