»ØÊÕÂʰüÀ¨¾ø¶Ô»ØÊÕÂʺÍÏà¶Ô»ØÊÕÂÊ¡£¾ø¶Ô»ØÊÕÂÊ¿¼²ìµÄÊǾ¹ýÑùÆ·´¦ÀíºóÄÜÓÃÓÚ·ÖÎöµÄÒ©ÎïµÄ±ÈÀý¡£Ïà¶Ô»ØÊÕÂÊÑϸñÀ´ËµÓÐÁ½ÖÖ¡£Ò»ÖÖÊÇ»ØÊÕÊÔÑé·¨£¬Ò»ÖÖÊǼÓÑù»ØÊÕÊÔÑé·¨¡£Ç°ÕßÊÇÔÚ¿Õ°×»ùÖÊÖмÓÈëÒ©Æ·£¬±ê×¼ÇúÏßÒ²ÊÇͬ´Ë£¬ÕâÖֲⶨÓõý϶࣬µ«Óбê×¼ÇúÏßÖØ¸´²â¶¨µÄÏÓÒÉ¡£µÚ¶þÖÖÊÇÔÚÒÑ֪Ũ¶ÈÑùÆ·ÖмÓÈëÒ©ÎÀ´ºÍ±ê×¼ÇúÏ߱ȣ¬±ê×¼ÇúÏßÒ²ÊÇÔÚ»ùÖÊÖмÓÒ©Îï¡£
ÔڲⶨÑùÆ·µÄͬʱ£¬ÓÚͬһÑùÆ·µÄ×ÓÑùÖмÓÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄ±ê×¼ÎïÖʽøÐвⶨ£¬½«Æä²â¶¨½á¹û¿Û³ýÑùÆ·µÄ²â¶¨Öµ£¬ÒÔ¼ÆËã»ØÊÕÂÊ¡£¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂʵIJⶨ¿ÉÒÔ·´Ó³²âÊÔ½á¹ûµÄ׼ȷ¶È¡£µ±°´ÕÕÆ½ÐÐ¼Ó±ê½øÐлØÊÕÂʲⶨʱ£¬ËùµÃ½á¹û¼È¿ÉÒÔ·´Ó³²âÊÔ½á¹ûµÄ׼ȷ¶È£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÅÐ¶ÏÆä¾«Ãܶȡ£ÔÚʵ¼Ê²â¶¨¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÓеĽ«±ê×¼ÈÜÒº¼ÓÈëµ½¾¹ý´¦ÀíºóµÄ´ý²âÑùÆ·ÖУ¬Õâ²»¹»ºÏÀí£¬ÓÈÆäÊDzⶨÓлú³É·Ö¶øÊÔÑùÐë¾Ô¤´¦Àíʱ£¬»òÕ߲ⶨÒ×»Ó·¢ÎïµÈÐèÒªÕôÁóÔ¤´¦ÀíµÄ³É·Öʱ£¬²»ÄÜ·´Ó³Ô¤´¦Àí¹ý³ÌÖеÄÕ´ÎÛ»òËðʧÇé¿ö£¬ËäÈ»»ØÊÕÂʽϺ㬵«²»ÄÜÍêȫ˵Ã÷Êý¾Ý׼ȷ¡£
Ò». ¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕµÄÒ»°ãÇé¿ö£º
¿Õ°×¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕ£º
ÔÚûÓб»²âÎïÖʵĿհ×ÑùÆ·»ùÖÊÖмÓÈ붨Á¿µÄ±ê×¼ÎïÖÊ£¬°´ÑùÆ·µÄ´¦Àí²½Öè·ÖÎö£¬µÃµ½µÄ½á¹ûÓëÀíÂÛÖµµÄ±ÈÖµ¼´Îª¿Õ°×¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂÊ¡£
ÑùÆ·¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕ£º
ÏàͬµÄÑùÆ·È¡Á½·Ý£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»·Ý¼ÓÈ붨Á¿µÄ´ý²â³É·Ö±ê×¼ÎïÖÊ£»Á½·Ýͬʱ°´ÏàͬµÄ·ÖÎö²½Öè·ÖÎö£¬¼Ó±êµÄÒ»·ÝËùµÃµÄ½á¹û¼õȥδ¼Ó±êÒ»·ÝËùµÃµÄ½á¹û£¬Æä²îֵͬ¼ÓÈë±ê×¼ÎïÖʵÄÀíÂÛÖµÖ®±È¼´ÎªÑùÆ·¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂÊ¡£
¶þ. ¼Ó±ê»ØÊյļÆË㣺
¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂÊ=(¼Ó±êÊÔÑù²â¶¨Öµ£ÊÔÑù²â¶¨Öµ)¡Â¼Ó±êÁ¿¡Á100%¡£
¼Ó±êʹÓõÄǰÌáÌõ¼þ£º
Ò»°ã¶Ô¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂʵĽâÊÍÊÇ£º¡°ÔڲⶨÑùÆ·µÄͬʱ£¬ÓÚͬһÑùÆ·µÄ×ÓÑùÖмÓÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄ±ê×¼ÎïÖʽøÐвⶨ£¬½«Æä²â¶¨½á¹û¿Û³ýÑùÆ·µÄ²â¶¨Öµ, ÒÔ¼ÆËã»ØÊÕÂÊ¡£¡±
Òò´Ë,ʹÓÃÀíÂÛ¹«Ê½Ê±Ó¦µ±Âú×ã2¸öÌõ¼þ£º
¢Ù Ò»ÑùÆ·µÄ×ÓÑùÈ¡ÑùÌå»ý±ØÐëÏàµÈ£»
¢Ú ¸÷Àà×ÓÑùµÄ²â¶¨¹ý³Ì±ØÐë°´ÏàͬµÄ²Ù×÷²½Öè½øÐС£
Èý¡¢½øÐÐ¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂʲⶨʱ£¬»¹Ó¦×¢ÒâÒÔϼ¸µã£º
£¨Ò»£©¡¢¼Ó±êÎïµÄÐÎ̬Ӧ¸ÃºÍ´ý²âÎïµÄÐÎ̬Ïàͬ¡£
£¨¶þ£©¡¢¼Ó±êÁ¿ºÍ¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂʲâÁ¿µÄ¾«ÃܶÈÓ¦ÓèÒÔ¿ØÖÆ£¬Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏÂÓÐÈçϹ涨£º
¢Ù ¼Ó±êÁ¿Ó¦¾¡Á¿ÓëÑùÆ·Öдý²âÎﺬÁ¿ÏàµÈ»òÏà½ü£¬Ó¦×¢Òâ¶ÔÑùÆ·ÈÝ»ýµÄÓ°Ïì¡£
¢Ú µ±ÑùÆ·Öдý²âÎﺬÁ¿½Ó½ü·½·¨¼ì³öÏÞʱ£¬¼Ó±êÁ¿Ó¦¿ØÖÆÔÚУ׼ÇúÏߵĵÍŨ¶È·¶Î§¡£
¢Û ÔÚÈκÎÇé¿öϼӱêÁ¿¾ù²»µÄ´óÓÚ´ý²âÎﺬÁ¿µÄ3±¶¡£
¢Ü ¼Ó±êºóµÄ²â¶¨Öµ²»Ó¦³¬³ö·½·¨µÄ²âÁ¿ÉÏÏÞµÄ90%¡£
¢Ý µ±ÑùÆ·Öдý²âÎïŨ¶È¸ßÓÚУ׼ÇúÏßµÄÖмäŨ¶Èʱ£¬¼Ó±êÁ¿Ó¦¿ØÖÆÔÚ´ý²âÎïŨ¶ÈµÄ°ëÁ¿¡£
£¨Èý£©¡¢ÓÉÓÚ¼Ó±êÑùºÍÑùÆ·µÄ·ÖÎöÌõ¼þÍêÈ«Ïàͬ£¬ÆäÖиÉÈÅÎïÖʺͲ»ÕýÈ·²Ù×÷µÈÒòËØËùµ¼ÖµÄЧ¹ûÏàµÈ¡£
µ±ÒÔÆä²â¶¨½á¹ûµÄ²îÖµ¼ÆËã»ØÊÕÂÊʱ£¬³£²»ÄÜÈ·Çз´Ó³ÑùÆ·²â¶¨½á¹ûµÄʵ¼Ê²î´í¡£
¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼ GB/T 27404-2008 ¡¶ÊµÑéÊÒÖÊÁ¿¿ØÖƹ淶 ʳƷÀí»¯¼ì²â¡·ÖжԻØÊÕÂÊÊÔÑé×öÁËÈçϹ涨£º
¶ÔÓÚʳƷÖеĽûÓÃÎïÖÊ£¬»ØÊÕÂÊÓ¦ÔÚ·½·¨²â¶¨µÍÏÞ¡¢Á½±¶·½·¨²â¶¨µÍÏÞºÍÊ®±¶·½·¨²â¶¨µÍÏÞ½øÐÐÈýˮƽÊÔÑ飻¶ÔÓÚÒÑÖÆ¶¨×î¸ß²ÐÁôÏÞÁ¿£¨MRL£©µÄ£¬»ØÊÕÂÊÓ¦ÔÚ·½·¨²â¶¨µÍÏÞ¡¢MRL¡¢Ñ¡Ò»ºÏÊÊµã½øÐÐÈýˮƽÊÔÑ飻¶ÔÓÚÎ´ÖÆ¶¨MRLµÄ£¬»ØÊÕÂÊÓ¦ÔÚ·½·¨²â¶¨µÍÏÞ¡¢³£¼ûÏÞÁ¿Ö¸±ê¡¢Ñ¡Ò»ºÏÊÊµã½øÐÐÈýˮƽÊÔÑé¡£»ØÊÕÂʵIJο¼·¶Î§¼û±í¡£
ÎÄÕ£¨ÎÄ×Ö£©À´Ô´£ºÍøÂç
ÔڲⶨÑùÆ·µÄͬʱ£¬ÓÚͬһÑùÆ·µÄ×ÓÑùÖмÓÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄ±ê×¼ÎïÖʽøÐвⶨ£¬½«Æä²â¶¨½á¹û¿Û³ýÑùÆ·µÄ²â¶¨Öµ£¬ÒÔ¼ÆËã»ØÊÕÂÊ¡£¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂʵIJⶨ¿ÉÒÔ·´Ó³²âÊÔ½á¹ûµÄ׼ȷ¶È¡£µ±°´ÕÕÆ½ÐÐ¼Ó±ê½øÐлØÊÕÂʲⶨʱ£¬ËùµÃ½á¹û¼È¿ÉÒÔ·´Ó³²âÊÔ½á¹ûµÄ׼ȷ¶È£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÅÐ¶ÏÆä¾«Ãܶȡ£ÔÚʵ¼Ê²â¶¨¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÓеĽ«±ê×¼ÈÜÒº¼ÓÈëµ½¾¹ý´¦ÀíºóµÄ´ý²âÑùÆ·ÖУ¬Õâ²»¹»ºÏÀí£¬ÓÈÆäÊDzⶨÓлú³É·Ö¶øÊÔÑùÐë¾Ô¤´¦Àíʱ£¬»òÕ߲ⶨÒ×»Ó·¢ÎïµÈÐèÒªÕôÁóÔ¤´¦ÀíµÄ³É·Öʱ£¬²»ÄÜ·´Ó³Ô¤´¦Àí¹ý³ÌÖеÄÕ´ÎÛ»òËðʧÇé¿ö£¬ËäÈ»»ØÊÕÂʽϺ㬵«²»ÄÜÍêȫ˵Ã÷Êý¾Ý׼ȷ¡£
Ò». ¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕµÄÒ»°ãÇé¿ö£º
¿Õ°×¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕ£º
ÔÚûÓб»²âÎïÖʵĿհ×ÑùÆ·»ùÖÊÖмÓÈ붨Á¿µÄ±ê×¼ÎïÖÊ£¬°´ÑùÆ·µÄ´¦Àí²½Öè·ÖÎö£¬µÃµ½µÄ½á¹ûÓëÀíÂÛÖµµÄ±ÈÖµ¼´Îª¿Õ°×¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂÊ¡£
ÑùÆ·¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕ£º
ÏàͬµÄÑùÆ·È¡Á½·Ý£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»·Ý¼ÓÈ붨Á¿µÄ´ý²â³É·Ö±ê×¼ÎïÖÊ£»Á½·Ýͬʱ°´ÏàͬµÄ·ÖÎö²½Öè·ÖÎö£¬¼Ó±êµÄÒ»·ÝËùµÃµÄ½á¹û¼õȥδ¼Ó±êÒ»·ÝËùµÃµÄ½á¹û£¬Æä²îֵͬ¼ÓÈë±ê×¼ÎïÖʵÄÀíÂÛÖµÖ®±È¼´ÎªÑùÆ·¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂÊ¡£
¶þ. ¼Ó±ê»ØÊյļÆË㣺
¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂÊ=(¼Ó±êÊÔÑù²â¶¨Öµ£ÊÔÑù²â¶¨Öµ)¡Â¼Ó±êÁ¿¡Á100%¡£
¼Ó±êʹÓõÄǰÌáÌõ¼þ£º
Ò»°ã¶Ô¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂʵĽâÊÍÊÇ£º¡°ÔڲⶨÑùÆ·µÄͬʱ£¬ÓÚͬһÑùÆ·µÄ×ÓÑùÖмÓÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄ±ê×¼ÎïÖʽøÐвⶨ£¬½«Æä²â¶¨½á¹û¿Û³ýÑùÆ·µÄ²â¶¨Öµ, ÒÔ¼ÆËã»ØÊÕÂÊ¡£¡±
Òò´Ë,ʹÓÃÀíÂÛ¹«Ê½Ê±Ó¦µ±Âú×ã2¸öÌõ¼þ£º
¢Ù Ò»ÑùÆ·µÄ×ÓÑùÈ¡ÑùÌå»ý±ØÐëÏàµÈ£»
¢Ú ¸÷Àà×ÓÑùµÄ²â¶¨¹ý³Ì±ØÐë°´ÏàͬµÄ²Ù×÷²½Öè½øÐС£
Èý¡¢½øÐÐ¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂʲⶨʱ£¬»¹Ó¦×¢ÒâÒÔϼ¸µã£º
£¨Ò»£©¡¢¼Ó±êÎïµÄÐÎ̬Ӧ¸ÃºÍ´ý²âÎïµÄÐÎ̬Ïàͬ¡£
£¨¶þ£©¡¢¼Ó±êÁ¿ºÍ¼Ó±ê»ØÊÕÂʲâÁ¿µÄ¾«ÃܶÈÓ¦ÓèÒÔ¿ØÖÆ£¬Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏÂÓÐÈçϹ涨£º
¢Ù ¼Ó±êÁ¿Ó¦¾¡Á¿ÓëÑùÆ·Öдý²âÎﺬÁ¿ÏàµÈ»òÏà½ü£¬Ó¦×¢Òâ¶ÔÑùÆ·ÈÝ»ýµÄÓ°Ïì¡£
¢Ú µ±ÑùÆ·Öдý²âÎﺬÁ¿½Ó½ü·½·¨¼ì³öÏÞʱ£¬¼Ó±êÁ¿Ó¦¿ØÖÆÔÚУ׼ÇúÏߵĵÍŨ¶È·¶Î§¡£
¢Û ÔÚÈκÎÇé¿öϼӱêÁ¿¾ù²»µÄ´óÓÚ´ý²âÎﺬÁ¿µÄ3±¶¡£
¢Ü ¼Ó±êºóµÄ²â¶¨Öµ²»Ó¦³¬³ö·½·¨µÄ²âÁ¿ÉÏÏÞµÄ90%¡£
¢Ý µ±ÑùÆ·Öдý²âÎïŨ¶È¸ßÓÚУ׼ÇúÏßµÄÖмäŨ¶Èʱ£¬¼Ó±êÁ¿Ó¦¿ØÖÆÔÚ´ý²âÎïŨ¶ÈµÄ°ëÁ¿¡£
£¨Èý£©¡¢ÓÉÓÚ¼Ó±êÑùºÍÑùÆ·µÄ·ÖÎöÌõ¼þÍêÈ«Ïàͬ£¬ÆäÖиÉÈÅÎïÖʺͲ»ÕýÈ·²Ù×÷µÈÒòËØËùµ¼ÖµÄЧ¹ûÏàµÈ¡£
µ±ÒÔÆä²â¶¨½á¹ûµÄ²îÖµ¼ÆËã»ØÊÕÂÊʱ£¬³£²»ÄÜÈ·Çз´Ó³ÑùÆ·²â¶¨½á¹ûµÄʵ¼Ê²î´í¡£
¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼ GB/T 27404-2008 ¡¶ÊµÑéÊÒÖÊÁ¿¿ØÖƹ淶 ʳƷÀí»¯¼ì²â¡·ÖжԻØÊÕÂÊÊÔÑé×öÁËÈçϹ涨£º
¶ÔÓÚʳƷÖеĽûÓÃÎïÖÊ£¬»ØÊÕÂÊÓ¦ÔÚ·½·¨²â¶¨µÍÏÞ¡¢Á½±¶·½·¨²â¶¨µÍÏÞºÍÊ®±¶·½·¨²â¶¨µÍÏÞ½øÐÐÈýˮƽÊÔÑ飻¶ÔÓÚÒÑÖÆ¶¨×î¸ß²ÐÁôÏÞÁ¿£¨MRL£©µÄ£¬»ØÊÕÂÊÓ¦ÔÚ·½·¨²â¶¨µÍÏÞ¡¢MRL¡¢Ñ¡Ò»ºÏÊÊµã½øÐÐÈýˮƽÊÔÑ飻¶ÔÓÚÎ´ÖÆ¶¨MRLµÄ£¬»ØÊÕÂÊÓ¦ÔÚ·½·¨²â¶¨µÍÏÞ¡¢³£¼ûÏÞÁ¿Ö¸±ê¡¢Ñ¡Ò»ºÏÊÊµã½øÐÐÈýˮƽÊÔÑé¡£»ØÊÕÂʵIJο¼·¶Î§¼û±í¡£
ÎÄÕ£¨ÎÄ×Ö£©À´Ô´£ºÍøÂç