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身体的哪些部位是你可以安全捐赠的?

放大字体  缩小字体 发布日期:2009-07-27
核心提示:One of the more intriguing aspects of Thursday's massive corruption arrest in New Jersey was the case of Levy-Izhak Rosenbaum, accused of brokering illegal deals to buy kidneys from living donors. His story got us wondering: how much can you harvest

    One of the more intriguing aspects of Thursday's massive corruption arrest in New Jersey was the case of Levy-Izhak Rosenbaum, accused of brokering illegal deals to buy kidneys from living donors. His story got us wondering: how much can you harvest from your own body? NEWSWEEK's Jeneen Interlandi lists some of the organs one can donate while still alive (and, when the data were available, how much they go for):

    Kidneys: You have two. You can live with one. As the most in-demand organ, kidneys fetch a high price: $30,000 in the U.S. (in which case the alleged customers of Rosenbaum were getting totally ripped off┴he's accused of selling kidneys for $160,000 each).*

    Liver: You have only one, but if you slice some off, it will grow back. Livers are the second most in-demand organ, bringing about $10,000 in the U.S.

    Lung: Each lung has five lobes. You can safely part with one lobe, but any recipient would need a second lobe (from a second donor) to benefit from your gift.

    Eyes: Whole eyes cannot be transplanted. But individual components of the eye┴namely the lens and the cornea┴can. Some anthropologists and human-rights workers have reported the sale of lenses and corneas from living donors.

    Intestine: It's possible, but the risks are so great and the need so rare that intestine donations almost always come from deceased donors. The vast majority of intestine recipients are young children with rare disorders.

    Pancreas: Another organ of which you can donate a segment. Pancreas transplants are often done to improve quality of life (by reducing or eliminating the need for constant insulin injections in diabetics, for example). They still come mostly from deceased donors, but the number of living donors is growing as the transplant technology improves.

    Skin: For a long time, the feeling was that taking skin from living donors was impractical. Nowadays, people who have excess skin after significant weight loss can donate that skin, usually to burn victims for skin-graft surgery. As with eye trafficking, rumors have long circulated about a black-market trade in human skin.

    Bone marrow: Harvested inside the bone, this tissue regrows in healthy donors but is killed off by chemotherapy in patients with certain types of cancer. Donated marrow allows doctors to pursue more aggressive treatments.

    Blood: Another non-organ, but blood is probably the easiest, safest, and most common type of donation.

    * The price for healthy kidneys on the black market varies depending on the region. In 2005, the watchdog group Organs Watch report listed the following black-market rates for healthy kidneys:

    U.S.: $30,000

    Israel: $10,000-$20,000

    Peru: $10,000

    Turkey: $7,500

    Brazil: $6,000

    Moldova and Romania: $2,700

    India: $1,500

    Philippines: $1,500

    Prewar Iraq $750-$10,000

    星期四在新泽西逮捕的巨大贪污案更吸引人的一方面在于它是有关征税的案例--伊扎克。罗森鲍姆被控犯有中介安排非法交易在世捐赠人肾脏的罪行。他的故事让我们迷惑:你能从自己的身体上收获多少钱呢?《新闻周刊》英特蓝迪列出了一些人们可以活着捐赠的器官(以及如果资料有效,他们可以得到多少钱):

    肾脏:你有两个。只有一个就可以成活。做为最大需求的器官,肾脏卖的价位很高:在美国卖三万美元。(在那个案例中,所谓顾客罗森鲍姆狠狠的宰客获益--他被控以十六万美元每个的价格卖肾。)

    肝脏:你只有一个,但是如果你切掉一部分,它还会长出来。肝脏是第二最大需求的器官,在美国售价约一万美元。

    肺部:每个肺有五个肺叶。你可以安全的分离出一个肺叶,但是接受者需要(从另一个捐赠者那里)得到第二个肺叶,从而获益于你的捐赠。

    眼睛:整个眼睛都是不可移植的。但是眼睛个别的组成部分--也就是晶状体以及眼角膜--可以移植。一些人类学家和人权工作者记录了在世捐赠者的晶状体和眼角膜的销售。

    肠子:虽然可能,但是却有很大的风险,并且需求很少,所以肠子经常是从已故捐赠者那里得到的。大部分的肠子接受者是罕见的失调的幼童。

    胰脏:另外一个你可以捐赠一部分的器官。胰脏移植经常用于提高生命的质量(用于减少或除去需要长期注射胰岛素的例如糖尿病患者).他们也经常来源于已故捐赠者,但是随着移植技术的提高,在世捐赠者渐渐增加。

    皮肤:很长一段时间,从在世捐赠者身上取下皮肤的感觉是不实用。现今,大幅度重量减轻造成皮肤多余的人们可以捐赠多余皮肤,经常给烧伤患者做皮肤移植外科手术。与眼睛交易一样,关于黑市人类皮肤交易的谣言长久流传。

    骨髓:生长于骨头中,这种组织能在健康人身上重生,但一些类型的癌症患者因化疗而失去。捐赠的骨髓能允许医生从事更积极的治疗。

    血液:另一种非器官,但血液可能是最容易,最安全,最常见类型的捐赠了。

    黑市上肾脏的价格随地域而变化。2005年,器官监督机构报道了下列健康肾脏的黑市市场利率:

    美国:三万美元

    以色列:一万至二万美元

    秘鲁:一万美元

    土耳其:七千五百美元

    巴西:六千美元

    摩尔多瓦以及罗马尼亚:二千七百美元

    印度:一千五百美元

    菲律宾:一千五百美元

    战前伊拉克:七百五十至一万美元

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关键词: 身体 捐赠
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