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食品微生物 Chapter 9: Microbiological Risk Assessment (MRA)

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My book entitled ’Microbiological Risk Assessment of Food’ hwas published in 2002. It is about 230 pages long and is based on the Codex format of Hazard Identification, Exposure Assessment, Hazard Characterisation and Risk Characterisation.

The book chapters are : 
Foodborne microbial pathogens in world trade 
Food safety, control and HACCP 
Risk analysis 
Application of microbiological risk assessment 
Future developments in microbiological risk assessment 
In addition to working through the 70+ MRA examples below, you can also go to Exercises (Microbiological Risk Assessment) of the Blackwell’s host site to work through an example. 

There is also a Powerpoint presentation I wrote concerning MRA, HACCP and microbial criteria you can view at ’HACCP & microbial safety’.

Meanwhile, below are over 70 MRA sites to visit to keep you busy...!

 

Spreadsheet RA model
Ross and Sumner have published two papers in International Journal of Food Microbiology (vol77, 39-53 and vol77, 55-59; 2002) on risk assessment tools. The first paper is on a simple, spreadsheet which can be downloaded (ZIP file based on ExcelTM). It includes two case studies; viruses in oysters and comparison of risk estimate with Cassin et al. (1998; Microbiology of Safe Food p. 349, Microbiological Risk Assessment of Food p.157). 

 

Salmonella
FAO-WHO Salmonella in eggs and broiler chickens (ftp site; two WORD files to download) Jan 2003 
USA Elimination of S. Enteritidis illness due to eggs 
EA eggs (pdf file) 
HA broilers & eggs (pdf file) 
FSIS eggs and egg products 
Denmark, contribution of animal sources 
HI & HC Salmonella in broilers & eggs (Fazil et al pdf file.) 
EA S. Enteritidis in eggs (Ebel et al pdf file.) 
EA Salmonella in broilers (Kelly et al. pdf file) 
FSIS Salmonella in shell eggs risk assessment 
S. Enteritidis risk assessment model 
Global Salmonella surveillance (Global Salm-Surv) 
Listeria
FSIS draft L. monocytogenes RTE meat & poultry, March 2003 
FDA draft L. monocytogenes QMRA 
L. monocytogenes (Buchanan & Lindqvist, pdf file) 
Second site for FDA draft Listeria monocytogenes QMRA 
Preliminary study, health impact 
EU 1999 (pdf file) 
Campylobacter
HA, EA, HC in broiler chickens, FAO-WHO 
fluoroquinolone resistant Campylobacter 
Revised Risk Assessment for fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter in chickens 
Broilers Denmark QMRA 
Fazil chicken study course 
Other micro-organisms and foods
QMRA - cross-contamination 
Risk Assessment for food terrorism and other food safety concerns 
E. coli O157 in beef tartare, RIVM, Netherlands 
E. coli O157 in beef risk assessment 
Draft FSIS E coli O157 Risk Assessment (pdf file) 
V. parahaemolyticus - shellfish 
HA, EA, HC, for Vibrio spp. in seafoods 
EU Norwalk-like viruses (pdf file) 
Salads 
Lap-mei 
Siu-mei and Lo-mei 
FAO/WHO
Risk Assessment: Food Bioterrorism and other food safety concerns 
JEFRA homepage 
Principles and guidelines for incorporating MRA in the development of food safety standards, guidelines and related texts; Joint FAO/WHO March 2002 (pdf file) 
Codex Principles for MRA (pdf file) 
WHO Background paper 
JEMRA (pdf file) 
WHO Microbiological Risk Analysis 
FAO/WHO (pdf) 
CCFH response to Codex 
Joint FAO & WHO (1999) Consultation report 
FAO/WHO HC food and water (pdf) 
Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives 
antimicrobial agents, new animal drugs 
Abridged FOA MRA explanation page 
JEMRA food and water (pdf file) 
FAO/WHO food and water 
FAO/WHO assessors and managers 
Risk Analysis, Geneva 1995 
Risk Management & Food Safety, Rome 1997 
Risk Communication, Rome,1998 
Risk Assessment, Geneva, 1999 (pdf file) 
Risk Management 2000 
General - Food Control 
L. monocytogenes (Buchanan & Lindqvist, pdf file) 
HI & HC Salmonella in broilers & eggs (Fazil et al pdf file.) 
EA S. Enteritidis in eggs (Ebel et al pdf file.) 
EA Salmonella in broilers (Kelly et al. pdf file) 
Hazard characterization for pathogens in food and water 
Assesors & managers of microbiological hazards 
WHO antimicrobial resistance 
WHO index 
WHO microbiological risk assessment 
EU
Risk assessment of food borne bacterial pathogens: Quantitative methodolgy relevant for human exposure assessment (Final report 2003, pdf format) 
Codex 2000, Risk Analysis 
EU MRA & 93/43/EEC 
EU harmonisation 
Quantitiative methodology - preliminary report (pdf) 
General food & water
Hazard Characterization of pathogens in food and water: Guidleines. JEFRA 2003 
1996 Summary paper by Society for Risk Analysis 
Dept. of Health (UK) Advisory Committee on dangerous pathogens 
HACCP & MRA 
ILSI principles (1998) 
ILSI principles (2000; pdf file) 
International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) 
Food Safety Risk Analysis Clearinghouse 
Risk assessment tools 
Risk assessment frameworks 
RiskWorld 
Society for Risk Analysis 
USDA Risk analysis bibliography 
Online training courses and model explanations
Risk Analysis Background from FSIS 
WHO 
FSIS E. coli O157:H7 
Poultry FARM (Oscar) 
FAO/WHO initiative on Microbial risk assessment 

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